MRI Lab

Do younger and older people use the same brain regions to perform cognitive tasks? Can brain activity and structure be changed by mental or physical training? How do environmental factors influence the development and individual characteristics of brain function and brain structure? Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development investigate these and other questions using the Institute’s two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners: a 3-Tesla system and a mobile 1.5-Tesla MRI system. Tesla is the unit used here to describe the strength of the magnetic field used for MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method for obtaining three-dimensional anatomical images of the body. This is done by exploiting the specific magnetic properties of the various types of bodily tissues. It makes use of the different magnetic properties of different tissue types, which arise, for example, from differences in water and fat content or from differences in the spatial density of cell membranes. MRI is a non-invasive method that requires neither X-rays nor contrast agents, which makes it particularly low-risk. The Institute’s MRI scanners are exclusively used for research purposes and not for medical diagnosis.

Measurement Procedure

Before the Measurement

Before the scan, study participants are given a detailed explanation of the procedure. Depending on the study, they may be asked to perform specific tasks during the scan.

Safety

Before entering the scanner room, study participants store their valuables in a lockable compartment in the changing cubicle and remove any metal-containing objects they are wearing. Because of the loud noises during the scan, they are given earplugs or headphones.

Preparation

To help participants lie comfortably, pillows and blankets are provided. Before the measurement itself begins, the response buttons are tested. The participant’s head is then positioned in the head coil, and the examination table is moved into the MRI scanner

In the MR Scanner

During the scan, participants lie with their head and upper body inside the bore of the scanner, a tube that is open at both ends and has a diameter of about 60 cm. To obtain sharp brain images, it is important that participants lie very still during the scan.

Data Collection

Throughout the scan, the scanning operator remains in contact with the participants via intercom, provides information about the procedure, and asks how they are doing. Participants are given an alarm ball to hold in their hand for the duration of the scan, which they can use at any time to stop the scan.

Information for Study Participants

Magnetic resonance imaging is based on a strong static magnetic field. In addition, electromagnetic waves in the radiofrequency range are used during scanning. For metal fragments, other metallic foreign bodies, or implants in the body, two aspects are particularly important: First, metallic objects containing cobalt, nickel, or iron can be attracted by the magnet. Second, metals can heat up during MRI scanning. Even traces of these metals can also lead to severe image artefacts.

Many medical implants used today are made of titanium, a metal that is not, or only very weakly, attracted by the magnetic field. This means that, with regard to attraction by the magnetic field, there are generally no health concerns. However, this does not rule out possible heating in the MRI scanner. For safety reasons, study participants with metallic foreign bodies or implants in their body are therefore, as a rule, not eligible to take part in MRI studies. In individual cases, exceptions may be possible; however, this requires careful prior assessment of MRI compatibility, preferably based on suitable documentation such as manufacturer information, an implant card, or an MRI compatibility certificate.

Mock Scanner

The MRI Lab is also equipped with a so-called mock scanner. This is an external replica of the real MRI scanner, but without the technology needed for imaging and, in particular, without a magnetic field. The mock scanner is used to help study participants to get used to the situation in the scanner, confined space inside the scanner bore, and the loud noises.