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Lael Schooler

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Senior Researcher
Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition

+49 30 82406-355
schooler [at] mpib-berlin [dot] mpg [dot] de
396

Short CV: 

PhD in Cognitive Psychology, 1993, Carnegie Mellon University

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Research Interests: 
  • Computational models of human memory and decision making

Selected Literature: 
  • Please contact sekgigerenzer(at)mpib-berlin.mpg.de for reprints that cannot be downloaded                                                                                                                                  

  • Marewski, J. N., & Schooler, L. J. (2011).  Cognitive Niches:  An Ecological Model of Strategy Selection.  Psychological Review, 118, 3, 393-437.

  • Luan, S., Schooler, L. J., & Gigerenzer, G. (2011). A signal-detection analysis of fast-and-frugal trees. Psychological Review, 118, 3, 316-338. 

  • Stevens, J. R., Volstorf, J., Schooler, L. J., & Rieskamp, J. (2011). Forgetting constrains the emergence of cooperative decision strategies. Frontiers in Cognitive Science.

  • Volz, K. G., Schooler, L. J., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2010). It just felt right: The neural correlates of the fluency heuristic. Consciousness and Cognition, 19, 829-837

  • Katsikopoulos, K. V., Schooler, L. J., & Hertwig, R. (2010). The Robust Beauty of Ordinary Information. Psychological Review, 117, 1259-1266.

  • Marewski, J. N., Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L. J., Goldstein, D. G., & Gigerenzer, G. (2010). From Recognition to Decisions: Extending and Testing Recognition-Based Models for Multi-Alternative Inference. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 17, 287-309.

  • Morais, A. S., Olsson, H., & Schooler, L. (2010). Ways of probing situated concepts. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 302-310.

  • Marewski, J. N., Schooler, L. J., & Gigerenzer, G. (2010). Five principles for studying people's use of heuristics. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 42, 72-87.

  • Pachur, T., Mata, R., & Schooler, L. J. (2009). Cognitive aging and the use of recognition in decision making. Psychology and Aging, 24, 901-915.

  • Gaissmaier, W., & Schooler, L. J. (2008). The smart potential behind probability matching. Cognition. 109, 416-4221.

  • Hertwig, R., Herzog, S. M., Schooler, L. J., & Reimer, T. (2008). Fluency heuristic: A model of how the mind exploits a by-product of information retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 1191–1206.

  • Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L.J., & Mata, R. (2008). An ecological perspective to cognitive limits: Modeling environment-mind interactions with ACT-R, Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 278-291.

  • Mata, R., Schooler, L.J., & Rieskamp, J. (2007). The Aging Decision Maker:Cognitive Aging and the Adaptive Selection of Decision Strategies. Psychology and Aging, 22, 796-810.

  • Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L.J., & Rieskamp, J. (2006). Simple predictions fueled by capacity limitations: When are they successful? Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32 (5), 966-982. - PDF[info]

  • Volz, K. G., Schooler, L. J., Schubotz, R. I., Raab, M., Gigerenzer, G., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2006). Why you think Milan is larger than Modena: Neural correlates of the Recognition Heuristic. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1924-1936.

  • Schooler, L. J., & Hertwig, R. (2005). How forgetting aids heuristic inference. Psychological Review, 112, 610–628. 

  • Schooler, L. J., & Shiffrin, R. M. (2005). Efficiently measuring recognition memory performance with sparse data. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 37, 3-10.

  • Schooler, L. J., Shiffrin, R. M., & Raaijmakers, J. G. W. (2001). Theoretical note: A Bayesian model for implicit effects in perceptual identification. Psychological Review, 108, 257-272. - PDF[info]

  • Schooler, L. J., & Anderson, J. R. (1997). The role of process in the rational analysis of memory. Cognitive Psychology, 32 (3), 219-250. - PDF[info]

  • Anderson, J. R., & Schooler, L. J. (1991). Reflections of the environment in memory. Psychological Science, 2, 396-408. - PDF[info]

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zuklappen Publications

Journal Publications

Luan, S., Schooler, L. J., & Gigerenzer, G. (2011). A signal-detection analysis of fast-and-frugal trees. Psychological Review, 118, 316-338. doi:10.1037/a0022684

Marewski, J. N., & Schooler, L. J. (2011). Cognitive niches: An ecological model of strategy selection. Psychological Review, 118, 393-437. doi:10.1037/a0024143
Full text

Stevens, J. R., Volstorf, J., Schooler, L. J., & Rieskamp, J. (2011). Forgetting constrains the emergence of cooperative decision strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 1:235. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00235
Full text

Katsikopoulos, K. V., Schooler, L. J., & Hertwig, R. (2010). The robust beauty of ordinary information. Psychological Review, 117, 1259-1266. doi:10.1037/a0020418
Full text

Marewski, J. N., Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L. J., Goldstein, D. G., & Gigerenzer, G. (2010). From recognition to decisions: Extending and testing recognition-based models for multialternative inference. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17, 287-309. doi:10.3758/PBR.17.3.287
Full text

Marewski, J. N., Schooler, L. J., & Gigerenzer, G. (2010). Five principles for studying people's use of heuristics. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 42, 72-87. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2010.00072
Full text

Morais, A. S., Olsson, H., & Schooler, L. J. (2010). Ways of probing situated concepts. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 302-310. doi:10.3758/BRM.42.1.302
Full text

Volz, K. G., Schooler, L. J., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2010). It just felt right: The neural correlates of the fluency heuristic. Consciousness and Cognition, 19, 829-837. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.05.014
Full text

Pachur, T., Mata, R., & Schooler, L. J. (2009). Cognitive aging and the adaptive use of recognition in decision making. Psychology and Aging, 24, 901-915. doi:10.1037/a0017211

Gaissmaier, W., & Schooler, L. J. (2008). The smart potential behind probability matching. Cognition, 109, 416-422.
Full text

Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L. J., & Mata, R. (2008). An ecological perspective to cognitive limits: Modeling environment-mind interactions with ACT-R. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 278-291.

Hertwig, R., Herzog, S. M., Schooler, L. J., & Reimer, T. (2008). Fluency heuristic: A model of how the mind exploits a by-product of information retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34, 1191-1206.
Full text

Mata, R., Schooler, L. J., & Rieskamp, J. (2007). The aging decision maker: Cognitive aging and the adaptive selection of decision strategies. Psychology and Aging, 22, 796-810.

Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L. J., & Rieskamp, J. (2006). Simple predictions fueled by capacity limitations: When are they successful? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 966-982.

Volz, K. G., Schooler, L. J., Schubotz, R. I., Raab, M., Gigerenzer, G., & Cramon, D. Y. v. (2006). Why you think Milan is larger than Modena: Neural correlates of the recognition heuristic. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1924-1936.
Full text

Schooler, L. J., & Hertwig, R. (2005). How forgetting Aids heuristic inference. Psychological Review, 112, 610-628. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.112.3.610
Full text

Schooler, L. J., & Shiffrin, R. M. (2005). Efficiently measuring recognition performance with sparse data. Behavior Research Methods, 37, 3-10.

Schooler, L. J., Shiffrin, R. M., & Raaijmakers, J. G. W. (2001). Theoretical note: A Bayesian model for implicit effects in perceptual identification. Psychological Review, 108, 257-272.

Wagenmakers, E. M., Zeelenberg, R., & Schooler, L. J. (2001). A criterion-shift model for enhanced discriminability in perceptual identification: A note on the counter model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7, 718-726.

Schooler, L. J., & Anderson, J. R. (1997). The role of process in the rational analysis of memory. Cognitive Psychology, 32(3), 219-250.

Anderson, J. R., & Schooler, L. J. (1991). Reflections of the environment in memory. Psychological Science, 2, 396-408.

Contributions to Handbooks, Encyclopedias, and Edited Books

Pachur, T., Schooler, L. J., & Stevens, J. R. (in press). When will we meet again? Regularities of social connectivity as reflected in memory and decision making. In R. Hertwig, U. Hoffrage, & the ABC Research Group, Simple heuristics in a social world. New York: Oxford University Press.

Pachur, T., Todd, P. M., Gigerenzer, G., Schooler, L. J., & Goldstein, D. G. (2012). When is the recognition heuristic an adaptive tool? In P. M. Todd, G. Gigerenzer, & the ABC Research Group, Ecological rationality: Intelligence in the world (pp. 113-143). New York: Oxford University Press.

Schooler, L. J., Hertwig, R., & Herzog, S. M. (2012). How smart forgetting helps heuristic inference. In P. M. Todd, G. Gigerenzer, & the ABC Research Group, Ecological rationality: Intelligence in the world (pp. 144-166). New York: Oxford University Press.

Hertwig, R., Hertzog, S. M., Schooler, L. J., & Reimer, T. (2011). Fluency heuristic: A model of how the mind exploits a by-product of information retrieval. In G. Gigerenzer, R. Hertwig, & T. Pachur (Eds.), Heuristics: The foundations of adaptive behavior (pp. 541-560). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mata, R., Schooler, L. J., & Rieskamp, J. (2011). The aging decision maker: Cognitive aging and the adaptive selection of decision strategies. In G. Gigerenzer, R. Hertwig, & T. Pachur (Eds.), Heuristics: The foundations of adaptive behavior (pp. 455-473). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Schooler, L. J., & Hertwig, R. (2011). How forgetting Aids heuristic inference. In G. Gigerenzer, R. Hertwig, & T. Pachur (Eds.), Heuristics: The foundations of adaptive behavior (pp. 84-107). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Volz, K. G., Schooler, L. J., Schubotz, R. M., Raab, M., Gigerenzer, G., & Cramon, D. Y. v. (2011). Why you think Milan is larger than Modena: Neural correlates of the recognition heuristic. In G. Gigerenzer, R. Hertwig, & T. Pachur (Eds.), Heuristics: The foundations of adaptive behavior (pp. 524-539). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cokely, E. T., Schooler, L. J., & Gigerenzer, G. (2010). Information use for decision making. In M. N. Maack & M. J. Bates (Eds.), Encyclopedia of library and information sciences (3rd ed., pp. 2727-2734). New York: Taylor & Francis.
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Wong, T. J., Cokely, E. T., & Schooler, L. J. (2010). An online database of ACT-R parameters: Towards a transparent community-based approach to model development. In D. D. Salvucci & G. Gunzelmann (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling (pp. 282-286). Drexel University.
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Cokely, E. T., Parpart, P., & Schooler, L. J. (2009). On the link between cognitive control and heuristic processes. In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2926-2931). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
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Marewski, J. N., Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L. J., Goldstein, D. G., & Gigerenzer, G. (2009). Do voters use episodic knowledge to rely on recognition? In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2232-2237). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
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Keysers, C., Boyd, R., Cohan, J., Donald, M., Güth, W., Johnson, E., Kurzban, R., Schooler, L. J., Schooler, J., Spelke, E., & Trommershäuser, J. (2008). Explicit and implicit strategies in decision making. In C. Engel & W. Singer (Eds.), Better than conscious? Decision making, the human mind, and implications for institutions (pp. 225-258). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Schooler, L. J. (2008). Marr, memory, and heuristics. In C. Engel & W. Singer (Eds.), Better than conscious? Decision making, the human mind, and implications for institutions (pp. 207-222). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Todd, P. M., & Schooler, L. J. (2007). From disintegrated architectures of cognition to an integrated heuristic toolbox. In W. D. Gray (Ed.), Integrated models of cognitive systems (pp. 151-164). New York: Oxford University Press.

Gaissmaier, W., Schooler, L. J., & Gigerenzer, G. (2005). Receptive memory in judgment and decision making. In M.-L. Käsermann & A. Altorfer (Eds.), Über Lernen: Ein Gedankenaustausch (pp. 67-79). Bern: EditionSolo.

Marewski, J., Gaissmaier, W., Dieckmann, A., Schooler, L. J., & Gigerenzer, G. (2005). Don't vote against the recognition heuristic. In B. G. Bara, L. Barsalou, & M. Bucciarelli (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 2524). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
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Ritter, F., & Schooler, L. J. (2001). The learning curve. In N. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (pp. 8602-8605). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Schooler, L. J. (2001). Rational theory of cognition in psychology. In N. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (pp. 12771-12775). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Anderson, J. R., & Schooler, L. J. (2000). The adaptive nature of memory. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Handbook of memory (pp. 557-570).

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